It gives you a rush, messes with your mind,
and always leaves you wanting more - and now researchers are calling
for the government to regulate the sweet stuff like a drug.
Is sugar worse for you than, say, cocaine? According to a 2012 article in the journal Nature,
it's a toxic substance that should be regulated like tobacco and
alcohol. Researchers point to studies that show that too much sugar
(both in the form of natural sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup) not
only makes us fat, it also wreaks havoc on our liver, mucks up our
metabolism, impairs brain function, and may leave us susceptible to
heart disease, diabetes, even cancer. So far, no federal action has been
taken (advocates blame industry lobbyists), and experts say simply
raising awareness isn't enough, especially when 80 percent of our food
choices contain sugar. "It's like watching a train wreck in slow
motion," says coauthor Laura Schmidt, Ph.D., a researcher at the
University of California, San Francisco.
Nevertheless, after the
shock of hearing the news, many of us shrugged and turned back to our
cupcakes. Yet, truth is, women in their 20s and 30s may already be
feeling the effects of too much sugar without even realizing it. Here,
the most common sugar-induced issues and how to beat them to prevent
long-term damage—and feel your best right now.
STRESS EATING For a pick-me-up, you may feel the
urge to inhale a bag of M&M's or scarf down a box of cookies. But
the impulse goes deeper. To examine the hold sugar can have over us,
substance-abuse researchers have performed brain scans on subjects
eating something sweet. What they've seen resembles the mind of a drug
addict: When tasting sugar, the brain lights up in the same regions as
it would in an alcoholic with a bottle of gin. Dopamine—the so-called
reward chemical—spikes and reinforces the desire to have more. (Sugar
also fuels the calming hormone serotonin.)
THE FIX
In times of stress, dieters are more likely to binge, studies conclude.
That said, a cookie once in a while (say, twice a week) is fine, but on
most days go for oatmeal with brown sugar, suggests Jeffrey Fortuna,
Ph.D., a health and behavior lecturer at California State University,
Fullerton. The whole grains fill you up and the sweetness is just enough
to release serotonin.
INEXPLICABLE WEIGHT GAIN You stay away from
burgers and drink diet soda. But sugar—both real and artificial—is the
secret saboteur. When the pancreas senses sugar, the body releases
insulin, which causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take
up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen for energy. Eat too
much at once, though, and insulin levels spike, then drop. The
aftermath? You feel tired, then crave more sustenance to perk up. Faux
sugars don't help. "Artificial sweeteners travel to the part of the
brain associated with desire but not to the part responsible for
reward," says Dr. Gene-Jack Wang, a researcher at Brookhaven National
Laboratory in Upton, New York. Nor do they trigger the release of the
satiety hormones that real sugar does, so you're more likely to consume
more calories.
THE FIX Feed sweet cravings with
fruit (the fiber will help keep insulin in check), and sub in sparkling
water for diet soda. If you must indulge, go for a small snack made with
real sugar, and eat slowly. Add fruit or yogurt to feel fuller and
prevent a crash.
BRAIN FOG Blanking out in the middle of a
meeting? Research out of the University of California, Los Angeles,
suggests that sugar forms free radicals in the brain's membrane and
compromises nerve cells' ability to communicate. This could have
repercussions in how well we remember instructions, process ideas, and
handle our moods, says Fernando Gómez-Pinilla, Ph.D., author of the UCLA
study.
THE FIX Stay under the USDA limit of 10
teaspoons (40 grams) of added sugar a day. Read labels and available
nutrition information at chains: A 16-ounce Starbucks vanilla latte and
Einstein Bros. bagel will max out your day's allotment! A wiser choice:
black coffee and plain yogurt with antioxidant-rich blueberries and
walnuts, sweetened with honey.
AGING SKIN Sugar causes premature aging, just as
cigarettes and UV rays do. With young skin (generally under 35), when
skin support structures collagen and elastin break down from sun or
other free-radical exposure, cells repair themselves. But when sugar
travels into the skin, its components cause nearby amino acids to form
cross-links. These cross-links jam the repair mechanism and, over time,
leave you with premature wrinkles.
THE FIX Once
cross-links form, they won't unhitch, so keep sugar intake to as close
to zero as you can. "It's the enemy," says Dr. William Danby, a
dermatologist with Dartmouth Medical School in New Hampshire. Avoid soda
and processed pastries and trade sugar packets for cinnamon—it slows
down cross-linking, as do cloves, oregano, ginger, and garlic.
A SLUGGISH WORKOUT Muscles need sugar for fuel,
so carbs (which break up into glucose, a type of sim-ple sugar) can
kick-start your morning jog. But fruit or prepackaged snacks touting
"natural sweeteners" contain just fructose, which is metabolized in the
liver, not the muscles. The result: bloat, or even the runs.
THE FIX
A glucose-packed snack with just 4 to 8 grams of fructose—it'll help
increase glucose absorption, says Dr. Richard Johnson, professor of
medicine at the University of Colorado, Denver. Try a sports drink like
Gatorade or trail mix with dried fruit an hour before your workout.